A noun phrase consists of a noun and its modifiers.
The tall building is new.
A verb phrase consists of the main verb and its auxiliary (helping) verbs.
She is running in the park.
An adjective phrase modifies a noun or pronoun.
The book full of joy is on the table.
An adverb phrase modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
He completed the task with great care.
A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.
The cat is sleeping in the garden.
A participial phrase contains a participle and acts as an adjective.
The running fast athlete won the race.
An infinitive phrase begins with an infinitive (to + verb) and can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
She loves to read a book before bed.
A gerund phrase begins with a gerund (verb + ing) and acts as a noun.
Swimming in the pool is refreshing.