Grammar Glow

Introduction to Compound Sentences

A compound sentence is a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses. These clauses are connected by a coordinating conjunction, a semicolon, or a transition word. Each independent clause in a compound sentence can stand alone as a complete sentence because it expresses a full thought.

Combining Two Independent Clauses

In a compound sentence, the independent clauses are combined to show a relationship between two related ideas. This can be done in the following ways:

1. Using a Coordinating Conjunction (FANBOYS):

Coordinating conjunctions like for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so are used to link independent clauses.

Examples

I wanted to go to the park, but it started to rain.
I wanted to watch a movie, but I had too much homework to finish.
She enjoys reading mystery novels, and she often writes book reviews online.

2. Using a Semicolon (;):

A semicolon is used when the independent clauses are closely related and do not require a conjunction.

Examples

The sun was setting; the sky was a brilliant orange.
The train was delayed; the passengers had to wait for over an hour.
She loves to travel; her next destination is Japan.

3. Using a Transition Word:

Transition words like however, therefore, moreover, and consequently can also link two independent clauses, usually after a semicolon.

Examples

I studied hard for the test; however, I didn’t get the grade I expected.
It was raining heavily; therefore, the match was postponed until next week.
I missed the bus this morning; consequently, I was late for work.

Characteristics of Compound Sentences

A compound sentence has specific features that distinguish it from simple and complex sentences.

1. Two or More Independent Clauses

A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. Each clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a separate sentence.

Examples

He finished his homework, and he went to play outside.

2. Clauses Joined by Coordinating Conjunctions, Semicolons, or Transition Words

Independent clauses in a compound sentence are joined using a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so), a semicolon, or a transition word (however, therefore, consequently).

Examples

The weather was perfect, but we decided to stay indoors.
She studied all night; she still didn’t feel prepared for the exam.
He wanted to go hiking; however, it started raining.

3. Equal Importance of Clauses

Both independent clauses in a compound sentence have equal importance. They are often related, but neither one depends on the other.

Examples

John loves pizza, and Sarah prefers pasta.

Compound Sentences vs. Simple Sentences

Structure:

Compound Sentences: Combine two or more independent clauses. Each clause can stand alone as a complete sentence.
Simple Sentences: Contain only one independent clause. They express a complete thought without any additional clauses.

Complexity:

Compound Sentences: More complex, allowing for the expression of related ideas or thoughts together.
Simple Sentences: More straightforward, focusing on a single idea.

Punctuation:

Compound Sentences: Often use coordinating conjunctions, semicolons, or transition words to connect clauses.
Simple Sentences: Do not require any additional punctuation beyond the standard sentence punctuation.

Examples for Comparison

Sentence Type

Example

Compound Sentence

I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining.

Simple Sentence

I wanted to go for a walk.

Compound Sentence

She loves reading books, and she often visits the library.

Simple Sentence

She loves reading books.

Introduction to Compound Sentences Combining Two Independent Clauses Characteristics of Compound Sentences Compound Sentences vs. Simple Sentences Examples for Comparison