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Introduction to Compound Sentences
A compound sentence is a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses. These clauses are connected by a coordinating conjunction, a semicolon, or a transition word. Each independent clause in a compound sentence can stand alone as a complete sentence because it expresses a full thought.
Combining Two Independent Clauses

In a compound sentence, the independent clauses are combined to show a relationship between two related ideas. This can be done in the following ways:

1. Using a Coordinating Conjunction (FANBOYS):
Coordinating conjunctions like for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so are used to link independent clauses.
    Examples
  • I wanted to go to the park, but it started to rain.
  • I wanted to watch a movie, but I had too much homework to finish.
  • She enjoys reading mystery novels, and she often writes book reviews online.
2. Using a Semicolon (;):
A semicolon is used when the independent clauses are closely related and do not require a conjunction.
    Examples
  • The sun was setting; the sky was a brilliant orange.
  • The train was delayed; the passengers had to wait for over an hour.
  • She loves to travel; her next destination is Japan.
3. Using a Transition Word:
Transition words like however, therefore, moreover, and consequently can also link two independent clauses, usually after a semicolon.
    Examples
  • I studied hard for the test; however, I didn’t get the grade I expected.
  • It was raining heavily; therefore, the match was postponed until next week.
  • I missed the bus this morning; consequently, I was late for work.
Characteristics of Compound Sentences

A compound sentence has specific features that distinguish it from simple and complex sentences.

1. Two or More Independent Clauses
A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. Each clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a separate sentence.
    Examples
  • He finished his homework, and he went to play outside.
2. Clauses Joined by Coordinating Conjunctions, Semicolons, or Transition Words
Independent clauses in a compound sentence are joined using a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so), a semicolon, or a transition word (however, therefore, consequently).
    Examples
  • The weather was perfect, but we decided to stay indoors.
  • She studied all night; she still didn’t feel prepared for the exam.
  • He wanted to go hiking; however, it started raining.
3. Equal Importance of Clauses
Both independent clauses in a compound sentence have equal importance. They are often related, but neither one depends on the other.
    Examples
  • John loves pizza, and Sarah prefers pasta.
Compound Sentences vs. Simple Sentences
    Structure:
  • Compound Sentences: Combine two or more independent clauses. Each clause can stand alone as a complete sentence.
  • Simple Sentences: Contain only one independent clause. They express a complete thought without any additional clauses.
    Complexity:
  • Compound Sentences: More complex, allowing for the expression of related ideas or thoughts together.
  • Simple Sentences: More straightforward, focusing on a single idea.
    Punctuation:
  • Compound Sentences: Often use coordinating conjunctions, semicolons, or transition words to connect clauses.
  • Simple Sentences: Do not require any additional punctuation beyond the standard sentence punctuation.
Examples for Comparison
Sentence Type
Example
Compound Sentence
I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining.
Simple Sentence
I wanted to go for a walk.
Compound Sentence
She loves reading books, and she often visits the library.
Simple Sentence
She loves reading books.